Hampi the milestone

     

Hampi is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Karnataka, India. It was the capital of the Vijayanagara Empire in the 14th–16th centuries and is known for its stunning ruins, ancient temples, and unique boulder-strewn landscape.

Some key attractions in Hampi include:

Virupaksha Temple – A functioning temple dedicated to Lord Shiva, one of the oldest structures in Hampi.

Vittala Temple – Famous for its stone chariot and musical pillars.

Hampi Bazaar – A historic marketplace with ruins of pavilions and shops.

Matanga Hill – Offers breathtaking sunrise and sunset views.

Lotus Mahal & Elephant Stables – Examples of Indo-Islamic architecture.

Tungabhadra River – Ideal for coracle rides and scenic views.Historical Background of Hampi

Hampi, located in Karnataka, India, was the capital of the Vijayanagara Empire from the 14th to the 16th century. It was one of the richest and most prosperous cities in the world during its peak. Today, it is a UNESCO World Heritage Site, known for its breathtaking ruins, temples, and architectural wonders.

Ancient History & Early Settlements

The region around Hampi has been inhabited since prehistoric times, with evidence of Neolithic and Iron Age settlements.

Hampi is identified with Kishkindha, the legendary kingdom of the Vanaras (monkey kingdom) mentioned in the Ramayana. It is believed that Lord Hanuman was born here.

Early rulers, including the Chalukyas (6th–12th centuries) and Hoysalas (12th–14th centuries), built temples in the region before the rise of the Vijayanagara Empire.

Rise of the Vijayanagara Empire (1336 CE)

Founding of the Empire: Hampi became the capital of the Vijayanagara Empire in 1336 CE, founded by Harihara and Bukka, two brothers who were former feudatories of the Kakatiya dynasty.

The empire was established to resist Islamic invasions from the north and to revive Hindu culture.

Hampi was chosen as the capital due to its strategic location—surrounded by the Tungabhadra River and massive boulder hills, which provided natural defense.

Golden Age of Hampi (14th–16th Century)

Under Krishnadevaraya (1509–1529 CE), Hampi reached its peak, becoming one of the wealthiest cities in the world.

It was a major center of trade, with merchants dealing in diamonds, pearls, spices, and textiles.

The city was filled with grand temples, palaces, markets, water reservoirs, and fortifications.

Art, literature, and architecture flourished. Many of the temples and monuments that stand today, such as the Vittala Temple and Virupaksha Temple, were built during this time.

The Fall of Hampi (1565 CE)

In 1565, the Battle of Talikota took place between the Vijayanagara Empire and the Deccan Sultanates (Bijapur, Golconda, Ahmadnagar, Bidar, and Berar).

The empire suffered a crushing defeat, and Hampi was looted, burned, and destroyed by the invading forces.

After the battle, the Vijayanagara Empire declined, and Hampi was abandoned as a capital, leaving behind the stunning ruins we see today.

Hampi in the Colonial and Modern Era

During the colonial period, Hampi remained in ruins but attracted historians, archaeologists, and explorers.

In the 19th century, British archaeologists began studying and documenting the site.

In 1986, Hampi was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site, recognizing its historical and cultural importance.

Today, it is one of India's most popular heritage destinations, attracting history lovers, backpackers, and pilgrims.